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1.
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Mwaniki, Michael K, Atieno, Maurine , Lawn, Joy E, Newton, Charles R J C (2012). Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. Lancet. 379: 445–52.
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Findings Of 28 212 studies identifi ed by our search, 153 studies were suitable for inclusion, documenting 22 161 survivors of intrauterine or neonatal insults. The overall median risk of at least one sequela in any domain was 39·4% (IQR 20·0–54·8), with a risk of at least one severe impairment in any insult domain of 18·5% (7·7–33·3), of at least one moderate impairment of 5·0% (0·0–13·3%), and of at least one mild impairment of 10·0% (1·4 17·9%). The pooled risk estimate of at least one sequela (weighted mean) associated with one or more of the insults studied (excluding HIV) was 37·0% (95% CI 27·0–48·0%) and this risk was not signifi cantly aff ected by region, duration of the follow-up, study design, or period of data collection...
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2.
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Choudhuri, D, Huda, T, Theodoratou, E, Nair, H, Zgaga, L, Falconer, R, Luksic, I, Johnson, HL, Zhang, JSF, El Arifeen, S, Nelson, C, Borrow, R, Campbell, H, Rudan, I (2011). An evaluation of emerging vaccines for childhood meningococcal disease.. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S29.
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3.
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Webster, J, Theodoratou, E, Nair, H, Seong, AC, Zgaga, L, Huda, T, Johnson, HL, Madhi, S, Rubens, C, Zhang, JSF, El Arifeen, S, Krause, R, Jacobs, TA, Brooks, AW, Campbell, H, Rudan, I (2011). An evaluation of emerging vaccines for childhood pneumococcal pneumonia. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S26.
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4.
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Catto, AG, Zgaga, L, Theodoratou, E, Huda, T, Nair, H, El Arifeen, S, Rudan, I, Duke, T, Campbell, H (2011). An evaluation of oxygen systems for treatment of childhood pneumonia. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S28.
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5.
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Higginson, D, Theodoratou, E, Nair, H, Zgaga, L, Jadhav, SS, Omer, SB, Rudan, I, Campbell, H (2011). An evaluation of respiratory administration of measles vaccine for prevention of acute lower respiratory infections in children. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S31.
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6.
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Nair, H, Verma, VR, Theodoratou, E, Zgaga, L, Huda, T, Simões, EAF, Wright, PF, Rudan, I, Campbell, H (2011). An evaluation of the emerging interventions against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-associated acute lower respiratory infections in children . BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S30.
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7.
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Huda, T, Nair, H, Theodoratou, E, Zgaga, L, Fattom, A, El Arifeen, S, Rubens, C, Campbell, H, Rudan, I (2011). An evaluation of the emerging vaccines and immunotherapy against staphylococcal pneumonia in children. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S27.
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10.
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Montgomery, A, Morris, SK, Kumar, R, Jotkar, R, Mony, P, Bassani, DG, Jha, P (2011). Capturing the context of maternal deaths from verbal autopsies: a reliability study of the maternal data extraction tool (M-DET). PLoS One. 6 (2): e14637.
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11.
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Lee, ACC, Cousens, S, Darmstadt, GL, Blencowe, H, Pattinson, R, Moran, NF, Hofmeyr, GJ, Haws, RA, Zulfiqar, S, Bhutta, Z, Lawn, JE (2011). Care during labor and birth for the prevention of intrapartum-related neonatal deaths: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S10.
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13.
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Blencowe, H, Cousens, S, Mullany, LC, Lee, ACC, Kerber, K, Wall, S, Darmstadt, GL, Lawn, JE (2011). Clean birth and postnatal care practices to reduce neonatal deaths from sepsis and tetanus: a systematic review and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S11.
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14.
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Ricca, J, Prosnitz, D, Perry, H, Edward, A, Morrow, M, Ernst, P, Ryan, L (2011). Comparing estimates of child mortality reduction modelled in LiST with pregnancy history survey data for a community-based NGO project in Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S35.
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17.
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Morris, Shaun K, Bassani, D, Awasthi, S, Kumar, R, Shet, A, Suraweera, W., Jha, P, for the MDS Collaborators (2011). Diarrhea, Pneumonia, and Infectious Disease Mortality in Children Aged 5 to 14 Years in India. PLoS ONE . 6 (5): e20119.
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20.
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Zaidi, AKM, Ganatra, HA, Syed, S, Cousens, S, Lee, ACC, Black, RE, Bhutta, ZA, Lawn, JE (2011). Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia. BMC Public Health. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S13.
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25.
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Ishaque, S, Yakoob, MY, Imdad, A, Goldenberg, RL, Eisele, T, Bhutta, ZA (2011). Effectiveness of interventions to screen and manage infections during pregnancy on reducing stillbirths: a review. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S3.
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29.
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Imdad, A, Yakoob, MY, Sudfeld, C, Haider, BA, Black, RE, Bhutta, ZA (2011). Impact of vitamin A supplementation on infant and childhood mortality. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S20.
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31.
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Acuin, CS, Khor, GL, Liabsuetrakul, T, Achadi, EL, Htay, TT, Firestone, R, Bhutta, ZA (2011). Maternal, neonatal, and child health in southeast Asia: towards greater regional collaboration. . The Lancet. 377 (9764): 516-525.
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33.
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Kozuki, Naoko, Lee, Anne C., Katz, Joanne, on behalf of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (2011). Moderate to Severe, but Not Mild, Maternal Anemia, Is Associated with Increased Risk of Small-for-Gestational-Age Outcome.. The Journal of Nutrition. Epub: jn.111.149237.
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We conducted a systematic review of the literature containing associations between maternal anemia and small for gestational age (SGA) outcomes (as a proxy for IUGR). A meta-analysis was performed to pool associations, categorized by the hemoglobin cutoffs presented by the authors.
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34.
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Cousens, S, Blencowe, H, Stanton, C, Chou, D, Ahmed, S, Steinhardt, L, Creanga, AA, Tunçalp, O, Balsara, ZP, Gupta, S, Say, L, Lawn, JE (2011). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis . The Lancet . 377 (9774): 1319-1330.
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35.
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Oestergaard MZ, Inoue M, Yoshida S, Mahanani WR, Gore FM, et al. (2011). Neonatal Mortality Levels for 193 Countries in 2009 with Trends since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of Progress, Projections, and Priorities. . PLoS Med. 8 (8): doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001080.
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We compiled a database of mortality in neonates and children (,5 years) comprising 3,551 country years of information. Reliable civil registration data from 1990 to 2009 were available for 38 countries. A statistical model was developed to estimate NMRs for the remaining 155 countries, 17 of which had no national data. Country consultation was undertaken to identify data inputs and review estimates.
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36.
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Lee, ACC, Cousens, S, Wall, SN, Niermeyer, S, Darmstadt, GL, Carlo, WA, Keenan, WJ, Bhutta, ZA, Gill, C, Lawn, JE (2011). Neonatal resuscitation and immediate newborn assessment and stimulation for the prevention of neonatal deaths: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Delphi estimation of mortality effect. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S12.
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38.
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Yakoob, MY, Theodoratou, E, Jabeen, A, Imdad, I, Eisele, TP, Ferguson, J, Jhass, A, Rudan, I, Campbell, H, Black, RE, Bhutta, ZA (2011). Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S23.
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43.
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Fischer-Walker, CL, Friberg, I, Binkin, N, Young, M, Walker, N, Fontaine, O, Weissman, E, Gupta, A, Black, RE (2011). Scaling up diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions: A Lives Saved Tool analysis. PLoS Medicine. 8 (3): 1-10.
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45.
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Pattinson, R, Kerber, K, Buchmann, E, Friberg, IK, Belizan, M, Lansky, S, Weissman, E, Mathai, M, Rudan, I, Walker, N, Lawn, JE, for the Stillbirths Series steering committee (2011). Stillbirths: how can health systems deliver for mothers and babies?. The Lancet. 377 (9777): 1610-1623.
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46.
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Bhutta, ZA, Yakoob, MY, Lawn, JE, Rizvi, A, Friberg, IK, Weissman, E, Buchmann, E, Goldenberg, RL, for the Stillbirths Series steering committee (2011). Stillbirths: what difference can we make and at what cost?. The Lancet. 377 (9776): 1523-1538.
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47.
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Lawn, JE, Blencowe, H, Pattinson, R, Cousens, S, Kumar, R, Ibiebele, I, Gardosi, J, Day, LT, Stanton, C (2011). Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count? . The Lancet. 377 (9775): 1448-1463.
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49.
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Yakoob, MY, Ali, MA, Ali, MU, Imdad, A, Lawn, JE, Van Den Broek, N, Bhutta, ZA (2011). The effect of providing skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care in preventing stillbirths. BMC Public Health. 11 (Suppl 3): S7.
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50.
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Jagnoor, J, Bassani, DG, Keay, L, Ivers, RQ, Thakur, JS, Gururaj, G, Jha, P, or the Million Death Study Collaborators (2011). Unintentional injury deaths among children younger than 5 Years of age in India: a nationally representative study.. Inj Prev. 17 (3): 151-155.
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58.
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Rudan I, Chan KY, Zhang JS, Theodoratou E, Feng XL, Salomon JA, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Black RE, Guo Y, Campbell H, on behalf of WHO/UNICEF's CHERG (2010). Causes of deaths in children younger than 5 years in China in 2008. Lancet. 375 (9720): 1083-9.
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The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group in collaboration with colleagues from Peking University systematically searched Chinese databases that were available to the public. Information was obtained from the Chinese Ministry of Health and Bureau of Statistics websites, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Chinese Health Statistics yearbooks for 1990–2008. We also obtained information from 206 high-quality community-based longitudinal studies of different causes of deaths in children (<5 years) that were written in the Chinese language. A statistical model was developed to estimate the total number of deaths in children according to provinces, age groups, and main causes.
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62.
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Hazel, Elizabeth, Kate Gilroy, Ingrid Friberg, Robert E Black, Jennifer Bryce, Gareth Jones (2010). Comparing modelled to measured mortality reductions: applying the Lives Saved Tool to evaluation data from the Accelerated Child Survival Programme in West Africa. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39: i32-i39.
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Background: The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) projects the magnitude of mortality reduction based on baseline coverage, demographic characteristics and coverage targets. As a validation exercise, we compared neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and under-5 mortality reductions as projected by LiST to changes in mortality measured through demographic surveys in Ghana and Mali as part of a recently completed, retrospective evaluation of a child survival programme.
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70.
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Nair, Harish, James Nokes, Bradford D Gessner , Mukesh Dherani, Shabir A Madhi , Rosalyn J Singleton , Katherine L O'Brien , Anna Roca , Peter F Wright , Nigel Bruce , Aruna Chandran , Evropi Theodoratou , Agustinus Sutanto, Endang R Sedyaningsih , Mwanajuma Ngama , Patrick K Munywoki , Cissy Kartasasmita , Eric AF Simões , Igor Rudan , Martin W Weber , Harry Campbell (2010). Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 375 (9725): 1545-1555.
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Background:
The global burden of disease attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains unknown. We aimed to estimate the global incidence of and mortality from episodes of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) due to RSV in children younger than 5 years in 2005.
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72.
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Black, Robert E , Simon Cousens, Hope L Johnson, Joy E Lawn, Igor Rudan, Diego G Bassani, Prabhat Jha, Harry Campbell, Christa Fischer Walker, Richard Cibulskis, Thomas Eisele, Li Liu, Colin Mathers, for the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF (2010). Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 375 (9730): 1969 - 1987.
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Findings
Of the estimated 8·795 million deaths in children younger than 5 years worldwide in 2008, infectious diseases caused 68% (5·970 million), with the largest percentages due to pneumonia (18%, 1·575 million, uncertainty range [UR] 1·046 million—1·874 million), diarrhoea (15%, 1·336 million, 0·822 million—2·004 million), and malaria (8%, 0·732 million, 0·601 million—0·851 million). 41% (3·575 million) of deaths occurred in neonates, and the most important single causes were preterm birth complications (12%, 1·033 million, UR 0·717 million—1·216 million), birth asphyxia (9%, 0·814 million, 0·563 million—0·997 million), sepsis (6%, 0·521 million, 0·356 million—0·735 million), and pneumonia (4%, 0·386 million, 0·264 million—0·545 million). 49% (4·294 million) of child deaths occurred in five countries: India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, and China.
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74.
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Bryce, Jennifer, Ingrid K Friberg, Daniel Kraushaar, Humphreys Nsona, Godwin Yaw Afenyadu, Narcisse Nare, Sardick Kyei-Faried, Neff Walker (2010). LiST as a catalyst in program planning: experiences from Burkina Faso, Ghana and Malawi. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39: i40-i47.
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Background: African countries are working to achieve rapid reductions in maternal and child mortality and meet their targets for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Partners in the Catalytic Initiative to Save One Million Lives (CI) are assisting them by providing funding and technical assistance to increase and accelerate coverage for proven interventions. Here we describe how the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was used as part of an early assessment of the expected impact of CI plans in Malawi, Burkina Faso and Ghana.
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75.
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Santosham, M, Chandran, A, Fitzwater, S, Fischer Walker, C, Baqui, A H, Black, R E (2010). Progress and barriers for the control of diarrhoeal disease. Lancet. 376 (9734): 63-67.
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Use of oral rehydration solution has stagnated, despite being effective, inexpensive, and widely available. Thus, diarrhoea continues to be a leading cause of child death with consistent mortality rates during the past 5 years. New methods for prevention, management, and treatment of diarrhoea—including an improved oral rehydration formulation, zinc supplementation, and rotavirus vaccines—make now the time to revitalise efforts to reduce diarrhoea mortality worldwide.
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84.
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Theodoratou, Evropi, Sarah Al-Jilaihawi , Felicity Woodward, Joy Ferguson, Arnoupe Jhass, Manuela Balliet, Ivana Kolcic, Salim Sadruddin, Trevor Duke, Igor Rudan, Harry Campbell (2010). The effect of case management on childhood pneumonia mortality in developing countries. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39: i155-i171.
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Background: With the aim of populating the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) with parameters of effectiveness of existing interventions, we conducted a systematic review of the literature assessing the effect of pneumonia case management on mortality from childhood pneumonia.
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85.
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Theodoratou, Evropi, Sue Johnson , Arnoupe Jhass, Shabir A Madhi, Andrew Clark, Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, Sunil Bhopal, Igor Rudan, Harry Campbell (2010). The effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia incidence, severe morbidity and mortality. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39: i172-i185.
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Background: With the aim of populating the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) with parameters of effectiveness of existing interventions, we conducted a systematic review of the literature assessing the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal (PC) conjugate vaccines on incidence, severe morbidity and mortality from childhood pneumonia.
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89.
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Cairncross, Sandy, Caroline Hunt, Sophie Boisson, Kristof Bostoen, Val Curtis, Isaac CH Fung, Wolf-Peter Schmidt (2010). Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea. Int. J. Epidemiol. 39: i193-i205.
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Background: Ever since John Snow’s intervention on the Broad St pump, the effect of water quality, hygiene and sanitation in preventing diarrhoea deaths has always been debated. The evidence identified in previous reviews is of variable quality, and mostly relates to morbidity rather than mortality.
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92.
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Rudan, Igor, Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia , Biloglav, Zrinka , Mulholland, Kim, Campbell , Harry (2008). Epidemiology and Etiology of Childhood Pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 86 (5): 408-416.
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Childhood pneumonia is the leading single cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. The incidence in this age group is estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. This translates into about 156 million new episodes each year worldwide, of which 151 million episodes are in the developing world. Most cases occur in India (43 million), China (21 million) and Pakistan (10 million), with additional high numbers in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Nigeria (6 million each).
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102.
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Rudan I, Lawn J, Cousens S, Rowe AK, Boschi-Pinto C, Tomaskovic L, Mendoza W, Lanata CF, Roca-Feltrer A, Carneiro I, Schellemberg JA, Polasek O, Weber M, Bryce J, Morris SS, Black RE, Campbell H (2005). Gaps in policy-relevant information on burden of disease in children: a systematic review. Lancet. 365: 2031-40.
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